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What is the difference between a library book and an instructional resource?
通过图书馆提供给学生的书籍是学生自愿使用的,因为他们自己选择独立的阅读材料. Books may also meet a curricular need for 学生, but library books are not the primary source of instruction. 教学资源是所有学生为教学目的而使用的教育辅助或材料.g., textbook, online material, video, media). The distinction between the two is legally significant.
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How are library books chosen?
School Librarians are highly-trained professionals, 在为儿童和青少年选择材料方面获得了德克萨斯州的认证. Books are selected based upon the needs of the district-adopted curriculum, personal interests of 学生, 以及员工推荐, 学生, 和父母. 选择标准包括:
- 支持 and enrich the curriculum
- Represent 学生’ personal interests and learning
- Meet high standards in literary, 艺术, and aesthetic quality; technical aspects; and physical format
- Be appropriate for the subject area and for the age, 情绪发展, 能力水平, 学习风格, 和社会, 情感, and intellectual development of the 学生 for whom the materials are selected
- Incorporate accurate and authentic factual 内容 from authoritative sources
- 从标准审查来源和/或专业人员对材料的预览和检查的基础上获得有利的评价
- Exhibit a high degree of potential user appeal and interest
- Represent differing viewpoints on controversial issues
- 提供全球视角,并通过包括来自所有文化的作者和插画家的材料来促进多样性
- Include a variety of resources in physical and virtual formats, including print and non-print, 如电子和多媒体(包括订阅数据库等在线产品), 电子书, 教育游戏, and other forms of emerging technologies)
- Demonstrate physical format, appearance, and durability suitable for their intended use
- 平衡成本与需求
学校图书管理员阅读和评估来自专业期刊(如学校图书馆期刊)的同行评议资源, 推荐书目, 这个评论, 和《金沙博彩app》,以确定一本书是否符合至少两篇好评的标准,推荐给他们校园里的孩子们.
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What is a classroom library?
A classroom library is a set of books that are housed in a teacher’s classroom. Books for the classroom are purchased in a variety of ways such as district funds, 校园基金, 家长会, 教师个人资金, 亚马逊愿望清单捐赠, 捐赠者选择, 等. 通常, 这些书可供学生独立阅读或在教学环境中使用.
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Who may challenge a book or instructional resource?
A parent of a 经销rict student, 一个员工, 或任何地区居民可根据是否适当,正式质疑地区教育计划中所使用的教学资源.
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Does a challenge have to go through a formal reconsideration committee?
学校收到关于教学资源是否适当的投诉,应尝试使用以下程序非正式地解决问题:
- The principal or designee shall explain the school’s selection process, 选择的标准, and the qualifications of the professional staff who selected the questioned resource.
- 校长或指定人员应解释资源的预期教育目的以及有关其使用的任何附加信息.
- 如果合适的话, 校长或指定人员可以向有关家长提供另一种教学资源,供该家长的孩子使用,以代替受到质疑的资源.
- If the complainant wishes to make a formal challenge, they should complete the 谢尔曼ISD Request for Reconsideration of 教学资源 & 图书馆图书表格.
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How does formal reconsideration of a book or instructional material work?
A complainant shall make any formal objection to an instructional resource on the form provided by the 经销rict and shall submit the completed and signed form to the principal or designee. 被申请人或者其指定人收到复议申请书后,应当指定复议委员会. 复议委员会应包括至少一名教学人员,他们有与学生一起使用争议资源的经验或熟悉争议资源的内容. Other members of the committee may include 经销rict-level staff, 图书馆工作人员, 中学的学生, 父母, and any other appropriate individuals. All members of the committee shall review the challenged resource in its entirety. As soon as reasonably possible, 委员会应召开会议,确定受质疑的资源是否符合本政策中规定的选择原则. 委员会应就其调查结果拟备一份书面报告,并向校长提供副本, the 负责人 or designee, 原告. 点击这里 to review the checklist used to facilitate the committee meeting.
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当家长/教职员对一本书提出质疑时,委员会如何得到这本书的副本?
If we have enough copies of the book in the 经销rict, we collect copies of the book and distribute them to the committee members. 如果我们没有足够的副本,我们必须使用地区基金购买副本.
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When a book is challenged, does the committee read the book?
是的. All committee members are required to read the book in its entirety.
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如果我们能在某一页上找出不恰当的材料,为什么质询委员会需要阅读整本书?
学生的第一修正案权利指导学区从学校图书馆下架书籍. The committee must determine if the book is “pervasively vulgar.” To determine pervasiveness, the committee members must read the entire book.
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How is “pervasively vulgar" defined?
“Pervasively vulgar" 内容 is defined as lewd or profane and spread throughout. 无处不在的低俗内容的一个例子是包括对露骨的性行为的提及.
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为什么区政府就不能把那些被认为是不受欢迎的图书撤下呢?
Once a resource has been made available in a school library, removal of the resource implicates 学生’ First Amendment rights. While the school district has discretion on which books it brings into its library, once a book is in the library there are legal limits on what can be removed.
根据美国.S. Supreme Court in a 1982 decision, 第一修正案赋予学生的权利可能会因学校图书馆下架图书而受到“直接而尖锐”的影响. Bd. 建造的., Island Trees Union Free Sch. 经销. No. 26 v. Pico, 457 U.S. 853 (1982).
法院, 在这种情况下, 告诉我们,在必修课程和学校图书馆中所传授的课程有很大的不同, which is a place for “voluntary inquiry.“法院明确表示,州和地方的自由裁量权不得以侵犯学生言论自由权的方式行使,因为党派或政治原因而删除书籍。, 我们认为,地方学校董事会不能仅仅因为不喜欢这些书中包含的思想,就把书从图书馆的书架上撤下,并试图通过撤下这些书来“规定什么是政治上的正统”, 民族主义, 宗教, or other matters of opinion.’”Pico, 457 U.S. at 872.
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What does the formal reconsideration committee consider when coming to a decision?
学生的第一修正案权利涉及到从学校图书馆的书架上撤下书籍. 学区不能为了不让学生接触到本学区不同意的观点而从图书馆移走资料. 一个地区可能会移除一些材料,因为它们普遍是粗俗的,或者仅仅是基于这些书的教育适宜性. Bd. 建造的. v. Pico, 457 U.S. 853(1982)委员会通过一系列关于适当性的问题来决定一本书在教育上是合适的还是普遍庸俗的, 内容, 审核/评估, 和目的. 如果是非虚构的书籍,委员会也会考虑书籍的真实性.